What is VZV?

The varicella-zoster virus is part of the Herpes virus family that causes chickenpox (Varicella) and shingles (Herpes Zoster).

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is an infection that presents with a rash that turns into itchy, fluid-filled blisters. The rash typically starts on the chest, back, and face and then spreads. Patients may also present with fever, pharyngitis, headaches, and fatigue. The course of infection lasts 4-7 days and then the blisters turn into scabs. Although the infection is generally mild, the infection can become severe for pregnant mothers and those with a weakened immune system.

Shingles

Shingles is usually a painful, and sometimes itchy, rash that occurs unilaterally on one side of the face or body. The rash generally follows a single dermatome (nerve root) and scabs over in 7-10 days. Complications, however, can occur especially in the elderly. Postherpetic neuralgia is the most common sequelae where someone can experience the nerve pain long-term.

Vaccines

The one-dose varicella vaccine was introduced in 1995 and the two-dose series was introduced in 2007. Since then, the number of cases of infection has reduced dramatically. The CDC recommends the first varicella vaccine at age 12-15 months and the second dose between 4-6 years old.